2022年4月山东自考高级英语00600真题及答案

注意事项:

1.本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。

2.应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡(纸) 指定位置上作答,答在试卷上无效。

3.涂写部分、画图部分必须使用2B铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。

4.全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)。

I. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point for each)

1. The lighting of the Olympic torch               peace and friendship among the nations of the world.

A. symbolizes

B. epitomizes

C. synchronizes

D. characterizes

2. There is some               in the office about who the new director will be.

A. comprehension

B. disappointment

C. apprehension

D. estrangement

3. We were soon bored as we had to listen to the               details of his operation.

A. tentative

B. tenacious

C. tedious

D. tenuous

4. Women's voices only               on a few subjects such as beauty contests, sex workers, and all to do with the home.

A. contract

B. resume

C. supervise

D. predominate

5. When cleaning your hands, remember to               all surfaces, including the backs of your hands, wrists, between your fingers, and under your fingernails.

A. sweep

B. scrub

C. purify

D. groom

6. Generally speaking, large paintings can help               the feeling of space in small rooms.

A. raise

B. enhance

C. deepen

D. increase

7. Alice did not look after him, but slowly wound along the               country road down to the south.

A. distorted

B. twined

C. deformed

D. crooked

8. The rejection of such initiatives is               indicating that voters are unconcerned about the environment.

A. in the means of

B. by means of

C. beyond your means

D. by no means

9. The worrying trend of youth smoking has to be halted. Otherwise, many children will               it.

A. fall victim to

B. be credited with

C. take advantage of

D. be exhausted from

10. By closing the infected farms we're hoping to               the disease to the north of the region.

A. limit

B. localize

C. confine

D. encircle

11. John is a very private person-for most of the time, he,               himself.

A. keeps to

B. keeps from

C. keeps up with

D. keeps down to

12. Smith carefully               the loose hairs from the shoulders of his jacket.

A. plucked

B. flicked

C. wrested

D. dragged

13. The newly published book bears some striking               to last year's bestseller.

A. identity

B. superiority

C. similarity

D. uniformity

14. If any of these symptoms               while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.

A. occur

B. happen

C. concur

D. heighten

15. The car comes in a               of colors, which is not good news for customers who have difficulties in making decisions.

A. pyramid

B. pygmy

C. mystique

D. myriad

Read the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items II, II, IV.

(1) The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their existing beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?," 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say“it depends."

(2) But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, the paradox is that science, when properly functioning, questions accepted facts and yields both new knowledge and new questions-not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome. state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions?

(3) As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often perceived as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a hypothesis. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it impels us towards a better understanding; certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact undermine the scientific process.

(4) Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two significant pitfalls.

(5) The first is a form of blind scientism- that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. The popular narrative of science is linear, embodied by heroic researchers who work selflessly for the good of humanity. Indeed, some scientists promote this attractive public image of their work. But this narrative ignores the ubiquity of controversy, conflict and error at the very heart of the scientific world. Such an idealized representation tends to turm science into an unquestionable set of beliefs. In fact, however, the power of science lies precisely in its capacity to generate discussion and even discord.

(6) The second pifall is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of confidence in the very existence of truth. It develops when science is divorced from method and viewed as just another claim in the marketplace of ideas. A Pew Research study shows that 35 percent of Americans think the scientific method can be used to produce “any result a researcher wants." Once the scientific approach has been delegitimized, then all hypotheses, including the most outlandish and irrational ones, can be taken as credible. So, hidden in this conceit of a democratic “marketplace of ideas" is a particularly virulent form of relativism that approaches nihilism.

(7) Such examples of relativism about issues including climate change and, most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic-have significantly contributed to the proliferation of fake news and conspiracy theories. The diffusion of fake news is facilitated by the difficulty of a large majority of Americans in distinguishing between fact and opinion. Factual news can be proved or disproved by objective evidence, while opinion is an expression of the beliefs and values of the speaker.

(8) In an effort to combat misinformation, scientists may overcompensate by accelerating their research. or publicizing their findings prematurely. This can spur dialogue about science, but with serious side effects. The scientific process itself has been called into question during the pandemic in cases where the very institutions and peer review process that were supposed to check scientific results failed to detect scams.

(9) So how to regain public trust in science when the public is looking for certainties and when those who are supposed to impersonate doubt seem to be fickle or dogmatic? A more realistic understanding of how science works can contribute to a better comprehension of the decisive role of doubt and skepticism in the scientific process. Indeed, science is not a linear path leading from one success to another, but rather a constant revaluation of  hypotheses. Failures are part of the scientific process and should be taught along with successes.

(10)It is, therefore, not so much the content of scientific discoveries that should be highlighted, but the understanding of the scientific process itself that must be enhanced. No one expects the public at large to fully understand all discoveries or to. be able to arbitrate between possible treatments. But what must be reaffirmed is that in science, doubt is not a vulnerability but a strength. The scientific approach often leads to dead ends, but sometimes it leads to fundamental discoveries that no other approach has ever achieved.

II. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed by four choces marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each)

16. Most Americans believe in science when               

A. it tells them the truths of the world

B. it gives them the confidence they need

C. it is consistent with their existing beliefs

D. it confirms their certainties about the world

17. What can be learned from Paragraph 3?

A. Historians are to find the weakness of science.

B. Scientific findings are infrequently challenged.

C. Uncertainties prevent science from progressing.

D. Doubt fosters a better understanding of the world.

18. In Paragraph 5, the word“ubiquity" means               

A. being present everywhere

B. the distinct character

C. being the specific one

D. the inherent quality

19. According to Paragraph 5, the author tends to agree that               

A. researchers are usually selfless heroes

B. we should not hold firm belief in science

C. there should be no error in scientific work

D. science needs discussion and disagreement

20. In Paragraph 6, the word“divorced" means.               

A. derived

B. prevented

C. separated

D. generated

21. The study mentioned in Paragraph 6 shows that some Americans believe that               

A. many seemingly outlandish hypotheses are actually credible

B. the so-called nihilism is practically a varied form of relativism

C. scholars can manipulate the scientific method to yield desired results

D. a democratic marketplace of ideas is usually hidden behind relativism

22. In Paragraph 9, the word“fickle”means               

A. sensitive

B. changing frequently

C. innovative

D. not caring about others

23. In which of the following might this passage most likely appear?

A. A journal.

B. A circular.

C. An anthology.

D. A brochure.

24. What is the author 's tone in writing this passage?

A. Sarcastic.

B. Objective.

C. Passionate.

D. Humorous.

25. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?

A. What Blind Scientism Is

B. The Importance of Science

C. Science Versus Religion

D. Doubt Is Essential to Science

III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. (10 points, 2 points for each)

26. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions?

27. Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two significant pitfalls.

28. The diffusion of fake news is faciltated by the dificulty of a large majority of Americans in distinguishing between fact and opinion.

29. In an effort to combat misinformation, scientists may overcompensate by accelerating their research, or publicizing their findings prematurely.

30. No one expects the public at large to fully understand all discoveries or to be able to arbitrate between possible treatments.

IV. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. (10 points)

31. How does science influence your life?

V. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points, 1 point for each)

She appealed to me because she was like people I had                met personally. Like women in English novels who walked the moors (whatever they were) with their                dogs racing at a respectful distance. Like the women who sat in front of                fireplaces, drinking tea               from silver trays full of scones and crumpets. Women who walked over the“heath" and read morocco-bound books and had two last names                by a hyphen.

To share a bedroom with one of these fellows is to lose one's               in human nature, for, even after the most               day, there is no comparing notes                them, no midnight confidence, no casting up the balance of the day's pleasure and pain.

They               ， at once, into stupid, heavy slumber, leaving you to your own mental devices. And they all snore                !

The senior partner studied the resume for the               time and again found nothing he               about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was               . The fim also frowned                on divorce, as well as               and drinking.

At the very top, of course, are those people, mostly young and without               , towhom the company is not               an institution of any sacred merit but still onlya place to work， and who               their present association with it as something                I put these people at the top because if you asked any one of them if he would choose to spend the rest of his life working for the company, he would give you a                No!, regardless of what inducements were offered.

There is a difference_ 52 my schooling and the wisdom of the street               I know the life of a black man in Watts is_ 54 than a federal poverty program. If there is no future for the black ghetto, the future of all Negroes is               What affects it, affects me, for I am a child of the ghetto. When they do it to Watts,they do it to me, too. I'll never escape from the ghetto. I have               my all on its future. Watts is my home.

A. with

B. dependents

C. diminished

D. eventful

E. resounding

F. incessantly

G. heavily

H. between

I. never

J. hundredth

K. abominably

L. yet

M. faith

N. corner

O. divided

P. regard

Q. loyal

R. disliked

S. womanizing

T. larger

U. staked

V. mandatory W. sink

X. temporary

Y. roaring

VI. Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points each for 57-60, 4 points for 61, 8 points for 62)

57.它注定是失败的，每一本书都是失败的，但我确实清楚地知道我想写什么样的书。58.多年来，我一直搞不清楚蔬菜到底出了什么问题。我当然知道，大多数蔬菜要想享用它们最鲜美的味道，必须新鲜采摘并且立即烹调。

59.对于这些产品领先者来说，竞争并非有关产品价格或客户服务(尽管它们不能被忽视)，而是有关产品性能。

60.晚年生活中获得满足乃至成就的潜能是真实存在而未被充分开发的。大体上，老年人都是在一个冷漠的世界里挣扎着生存。

61.你杀死了你的敌人，而当他死了，你的职业便不复存在，你从胜利中获得的满足感也会很快消退。另一方面，建设的工作一旦完成，会想起来就愉悦，而且永远不会因为彻底完成而没有更进一步去做的余地。

62.当这个富裕国家没有孩子饿着肚子上床睡觉时，我可能准备回去教书。当每个孩子都有一所好学校时，我可能就准备好了。当我们不再把财富花在杀人的硬件上，当我们不再容忍对少数族裔的偏见，当反对不公平住房和不公平就业行为的法律得以实施而不是被逃避时，那么在政治上我可能就没有更多可做的了。