2020年山东自考语言与文化考试重点四

3.3 Words and affective meaning

sexy, young, dog, ambitious, aggressive, self-made man, individualism, equalitarianism or egalitarianism are positive in English, but pejorative in Chinese

Landlord, capitalist, boss, free love are pejorative in Chinese, but neutral in English

Old, peasant, comrade, do-gooder, propaganda are pejorative in English, but neutral in Chinese.

3.4 Words and reflected meaning

Green house: (E: emphasize its function, while Chinese view its from its physical characteristic.)

Black tea: (E: named it after the colour of tea(leave),  C: named it after the colour of tea(water colour)

Ferrous metal: (E: according its ingredients. C: according their colours)

Snakehead: (E: its head is its distinctive feature, C: it is its colour )

Sun spot: (a spot black in colour)

Wall clock: (E: where clocks can be found is the distinctive feature, C: emphasize the ways in which they are used.)

Stop watch: (E: emphasize its mechanic quality, C: lay stress on the purpose for which it is used)

Contact Lenses: (English speaker views the way they used, but Chinese attracted to their invisibility)

Business Card:  (it is used stand out in E, and its content is foregrounded in C)

Marble-hearted: (it is a specific term in Englsih, but a general term in Chinese)

Wood pulp：纸浆（english reminds us of the raw material, Chinese term the product）

3.5 Words and collocative meaning.

Vice: one that takes the place of

Associate: having secondary or subordinate status or closely connected(as in function of office) with

Deputy: a second-in-command or assistant who usually takes charge when his superior is absent

Lieutenant: an official empowered for a higher official or an aid or representative of another in the performance of duty.

Under: lower in authority of rand.

Make a road  筑路

Make progress  取得进步

Make efforts 作出努力

Make a poem 作诗

Make one’s position known 表明立场

Make a fire 生火

Make tea  沏茶

Make money 挣钱

Make enemies 树敌

Make peace 讲和

Take a book 拿一本书

Take a city 占领一座城

Take an umbrella 带一把伞

Take the first place 获得第一名

Take one’s leave  告辞

Take cold 感冒

Take a seat  就坐

Take harbour 避入港湾

Take the floor 发言

Take the blame 承担过错

Take a cup of tea 喝一杯茶

Take action 采取行动

Take a photograph 照相

Take a bath 洗澡

Look at the blackboard 看黑板

See a film  看电影

Watch TV 看电视

Read a book 看书

Visit a friend 看朋友

Go to a doctor 看医生

Depend on circumstances 看情况

Trim one’s sails看风使舵

Open a tin 开罐头

Turn on light 开灯

Switch on TV  开电视

Serve a meal 开饭

Show mercy 开恩

Drive a car 开车

Sail a ship 开船

Fly a plane 开飞机

Exploit a mine 开矿

Reclaim wasteland  开荒

Straighten out one’s ideas 开窍

Feel happy 开心

Stimulate the appetite 开胃

Begin to speak 开腔

Fire a gun 开炮

Make war 开战

Crack a joke 开玩笑